Greek+Terms

Tyrany (Tyrant)
Trant was originally one who illegally seized and controlled a governmental power in a polis and seized the cities of ancient Greece. Tyrants were a group of individuals who took over many Greek poleis during the uprising of the middle classes in the sixth and seventh centuries BC, ousting the aristocratic governments. Eventually expelled by the Aristocrats. //**a tyrant (or tyrants) were people who captured or seized the cities of ancient greece. however, they were eventually kicked out by aristocrats. tyrany is abusive power. -hanna**//

Philosophy
Studying huge issues and the attempt to understand them. ex:(knowledge, values, language or existence)

Acropolis
A large limestone plateau located in the middle of Athens. Most religious ceremonies were held there, which shows how the Greeks were religious. At the top is a temple called the Parthenon, dedicated to Athena. //**the acropolis was a large slab like plateau of limestone overlooking Athens. on top of it was the temple called the Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, athena. the acropolis was in the center of town, where debates an religion took place. - hanna**//

Pericles
The longest lasting Democratic leader of ancient Athens.

Herodotus
1st famous historian

**Pnyx**
A meeting place where democracy takes place =**Trireme**= A greek war boat that was first used by the Athenians in 480 BCE at the Battle of Salamis. It has 3 rows of oars. It can be used as a metaphor for the citizens of athens, showing that everyone worked well together, because for a trireme to work, everybody must work together.
 * //the pnyx was below the acropolis and it was a place where people debated, voted, held meetings, and had discussions. it was a major part of direct democracy. -hanna//**

**Hoi polloi**
"The masses"

Phalanx
A military formation used by the spartans, where everybody did the exact same thing, at the exact same time, to attack others and defend themselves. It can be used as a metaphor for the citizens of sparta and how the behaved, showing that they valued discipline, strenght, coordination, and sacrifice.

Battle of Salamis
A naval battle between Athens and Persia, in 480 BCE.It was the first time Athens used their trireme in a battle. The Greeks won by destroying the Persian's ships, and their army, who drowned.

City State
A city that governs itself independently. =Battle of Thermopylae= A battle during 480 BCE. It was between 300 Spartan soldiers and the Persian army. Spartans were led by King Leonides. The other king didn't want to battle with the Persians so King Leonides "went on a walk with 300 spartan soldiers." The Spartans killed many Persian soldiers but eventually all the Spartan soldiers died. The Persian army was weak which may have led to Athens winnig the battle of Salamis. =Clystenese= The man that essentially made Athenian democracy. There were Rulers in Athens from 800-550 BCE. A person said they were going to join up with Sparta. Clystenese went to the Hoi Polloi to overthrow the government, promising them for power. The government was overthrown and all the people wanted power. Clystenese created a system in which everyone was equal ,whoever was someone(not slaves, women, or non-citizens) and everyone had a say. A form of government first experimented on by Athens, invented by Clystenese (and Hoi Polloi) in 508 BCE after expelling the other rulers and agreeing to rule together. In this form, voting on everything that might affect the people took place on the pynx (only citizens voted) and the rest was made up of random chance. An assembly of 500 citizens was randomely selected each month to prepare debates and votes, and one person was head of government for one month, also random. this was used by Athenians to choose who was voting at the pynx. People's names were put in chutes on one side of the machine, and black and white marbles were poured into a tube next to the names, whether the marble was black or white would say whether the name inserted would be voting. This was decided the morning of the vote, as there was not enough time for someone to bribe you to vote their way.
 * Demoncracy**
 * Random chance machine (**does anyone know the actual name?)

To vote someone off, people wrote the name of someone they didn't like on a tablet. Thermistocles was executed in this form after the battle of Salamis.
 * Ostracize**

This is a good example of how democracy, or the will of the people, can be used to bully and take rights away. (The other good example is Socrates)
Being a citizen meant you served in your polis and got the full benefits of being a citizen that not everyone got, and gave you certain responsibilities and privlidges. In sparta, you had to be free, independent, of age, and male. In athens, you had to be overage, male, independant, and you grandparents had to be athenian.
 * Citizenship**

Responsibilities of Spartans included war, in Athens it was debate and vote.
Sparta used a double monarchy. A double monarchy is a system which uses 2 kings to run an area. For any law to be made, both of the kings would have to agree. In 480 BCE one of the kings in Sparta wanted to attack the persians army, but one of the kings didn't agree. So the king that wanted to attack, took 300 soldiers for a "walk".This battle was known as the battle of thermopolae.
 * Double monarchy**

The Agon was the test that 15 year old Spartans would have to do to show their strength. The boy would go outside on the hottest day of the year and dance naked with oil all over their body in the burning sun for many hours.
 * Agon**

In Sparta the civic duties of a male spartan is to fight. The civic duties of a female is to run things while the men are gone fighting.
 * Civic duties of the Spartans**