Rome+terms

By 501 BCE, though, Rome had been communicating and trading with greece, specifically Athens, and got the idea for a democracy. The Patricians and Plebeians met up and they got rid of the Etruscans and their king, and made a republic< Isn't it a republic ??, which consisted of 2 consuls that governed the city for a 1 year term, tribunes that made sure the government wasn't mistreating citizens (Plebeians only ), magistrates (officials in many different areas), and the senate. Over time the senate became more important than anything else. In 450 BCE, there was a social civil war between the Patricians and the Plebeians, who wanted equality and more oppurtunities. The Plebeians left rome for a while as a sign of protest, but came back when there was a secondary house added under the senate, which was an exclusively-patrician < (Plebeian?????) house. Because of this, the Plebeians began to move upward in society (upward mobility), got richer, got more land, and some could get into the senate. In 290 BCE, there was the first Plebeian consul. Later came the Punic wars, which consisted of three different battles. In the first battle, which was against Carthage, the Romans used some of their military skills, and also took a Carthaginian boat, studied it, and improved it by making 2 new boats. (One was fat, had a metal claw (Corvus ) to grab onto other boats so the army could walk across and kill the people on board. The other was modelled after the trireme, and it was faster, with 200 rowers that were not overlapped so the rows wouldn't hit each other, and drummers to keep the pace going.) In the second battle, (Hannibal) from 218-208 BCE, Carthage lost. At this time, the military general of Carthage, Hannibal, went across the Appalachians to attack Rome. Instead of going across the sea, he surprised the Romans, by taking the road less travelled. He did not do much damage, though. He only destroyed small villages. Many of his men died, and he was never really able to do anything very significant.
 * ROME**
 * The Roman Story-** In 800 BCE, rome consisted of a swamp, where the low-class Plebeians lived, and 7 hills where the rich land-owning Patricians lived. It was very hard for the Plebeians to live, so they used math and engineering to drain the swamp and make it more liveable, however, right after this, the military-advanced Etruscan tribe came down from the north and conquered the area, putting themselves at the top of the social pyramid, putting a king above that, and kicking the Patricians off the hills.

In 149-146 BCE, Carthage tried to get revenge and it backfired. Rome actually burned Carthage down and made the soil infertile. (During the wars, Hannibal crossed the alps with elephants and attacked rome from behind, burning fields and villages but not being agressive enough to do real damage.)

__**Pax Romana**__- Roman peace < (pretty brief) Estabiished 27 BCE by Augustus Caesar. Lasted until 180 CE. During this time people had a good life if they agreed with their emperor. No wars outside with Barbarians, no civil wars with other Romans. Built huge stadiums like the Collusium and had festivals. Life was nice, but if you disagreed with those in charge you would be publicly tortured to death. __**Panem et circensus**__- Bread and entertainment.


 * __Cloaca maxima__**- The first roman sewage invented to drain the swamp.

-Vanessa Fu
 * __Plebeians__**- Common people that lived in the bottom of the swamp. When the Etruscans came the Patricians were forced to live in the bottoom of the swamp with the plebeians. They drained the swamp and kicked out the etruscans. The patricians had power and created the senate. They made all the decisions and had all the money while the plebeians had to work. The Plebeians left Rome as a sign of protests because they wanted to be able to make decisions. The law of 12 tables was established so that everybody would be equal. It developed another group of people called tribunes.
 * __Patricians__**- Wealthy people that are descendants of important people, they are part of a n important family. ( land owners ) They held almost exclusive control of the Senate for a long time. You had to be born a Patrician, you couldn't become one.


 * __Tribunes-__** They protected the rights of plebeians in the government. When the government did something that the Plebeians did not like, they would complain to the tribunes, and the tribunes would try to fix it.

they took the idea of the greece phalanx and changed it, they made something called the tortoise, where they take their sheids and link them together at the top to block the enemies arrows.
 * __Roman warfare__**

__**Julius Caesar -**__ As part of the first triumverate, he controlled the western part of the empire. He conquerred Crassus and Pompey to become the first man to control the whole empire. The senators however found this to be unreasonable because he had too much power and stabbed him to death in the senate in the ides of March 44BCE.

__**Augustus Caesar -**__ (Octavius) Nephew of Julius Caesar and a part of the second triumverate with Mark Antony. The second ended the same way as the first and Augustus Caesar took over. He began imperial Rome and was the first emperor. He also created the Pax Romana or Roman peace, an era of time where if you agreed with the emperor you would have a good life. If you didn't you would be crucified. - Brendan Boswick ps. I added the red stuff and edited grammar mistakes. BCE, Carthage, Corinth, Patricians, Plebeians, and Rome are all spelt with capitals guys... p.s I added the green stuff -Kasra



=It took me FOREVER to make this perfect, but here it is. If you think my copy is better you can print it. Hope you enjoy.=

=__**-Benjamin Panas**__=

__**Etruscans-**__ The Etruscans took over Rome in the Roman pre-republic(during the 7th century). They drained the marshes in Rome by creating the first sewage system( The Cloaca Maxima) The Etruscans encouraged trade, and taught the Romans the Greek alphabet They brought the fist city-state civilization to Rome.During that time there was a Etruscan king that was elected by the Latin chief tribesmen, but later the Plebeians and Patricians decided that they didn't like having a king, and so they kicked the Etruscan king out. Later after that, they also kicked the Etruscans out.

__**Patricians-**__ Patricians are usually rich freemen that are land owners. They are the only people that are that go into the senate and become consuls (after the Etruscan and before the Plebeians got rich) Later, the people had to be in a important family to be patricians, as the Plebeians got rich, and the emperors in the imperial times were were all or mostly patricians.
 * __-__**Vanessa

__**Aqueducts**__ Were the water delivery system of Rome. The purpose was so Roman cities have a constant flow of running water. Aqueducts delivered water from far water sources to major cities. Aqueducts relied 100% on gravity. An aqueduct was designed in a way so water flowed smoothly to Roman cities. The Romans made it do that by having a perfect gradient that had a consistent angle from the water source to the city. Aqueducts were made of stone and had a roof so nothing could contaminate the water like bird poop and dead animals. In the year 200 C.E. there were 11 aqueducts leading into Rome. Aqueducts were the water delivery system of Rome. The purpose was so Roman cities have a constant flow of running water. Aqueducts delivered water from far water sources to major cities. Aqueducts relied 100% on gravity. An aqueduct was designed in a way so water flowed smoothly to roman cities. The Romans made it do that by having a perfect gradient that had a consistent angle from the water source to the city. Aqueducts were made of stone and had a roof so nothing could contaminate the water like bird poop and dead animals. In the year 200 C.E. there were 11 aqueducts leading into Rome. - //Ashan//

-Rayna
 * __Republican Government__** A form of government started by the Romans in 508 BCE. I t was led by 2 consuls that were elected by the Senate for a one-year term, and could only run again ten years later. The two consuls had to agree. Tribunes represented the normal people in the government, telling them if the citizens had any complaints. Originally all the decisions were made by patricians, but later a plebeian house was added underneath to at least get some say in the matters.